This is a final report for the Horticulture Innovation Lab project "Strengthening indigenous seed systems: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam." This final report covers the background, approach, and findings of the project. This research outlines practical steps and activities for strengthening indigenous seed systems in northern Thai and Cambodian communities and potentially extends the reach and impact of valuable, locally adapted crop species. The key to success is the adoption of a holistic approach that empowers resource-poor households and communities, fortifies indigenous seed pathways, promotes seed system best practices, and preserves and improves the rich genetic biodiversity of the system.